We use various methods of training at Prepress Projects. We hold in-house seminars on specific topics (such as Word’s wildcards or dealing with electronic artwork) and our staff also occasionally attend external training courses, such as those held by Publishing Scotland or the Society for Editors and Proofreaders. We even have a training support scheme to fund the cost of longer courses of study through distance learning. However, inevitably, a major part of training is learning on the job. As part of our quality assurance process, a senior member of staff checks the copy-editing of more junior team members, and this results in extensive feedback.

One thing that causes difficulty for everyone learning copy-editing is grammar. Even those members of that rare breed who were taught grammar at school have difficulty in applying the rules in practice and when we discuss training needs during performance appraisals, the subject of grammar comes up again and again.

Consequently, we recently held an all-day grammar training course within the company. We wanted everyone involved, and we wanted the day to be both useful and fun, so we were spoiled with a buffet lunch.

A number of challenges had to be faced: what material should be covered, how should people be organised, in what way should it be taught? Was it even a good idea to try to fit everything into one day?

Where would you start if you were holding a grammar training day?

We asked staff for ideas on what they wanted. We posted the topics so people would know them in advance and so that, if they wanted, they could bring examples of difficult cases they had encountered for discussion.

Each manager led a session on a specific aspect of grammar, with a focus on the problems we are most likely to encounter. We covered punctuation, apostrophes, word problems, sentence problems and ‘miscellaneous bad writing’. We discussed the theory, put it into practice through examples, and then discussed the examples. There was an emphasis on handouts, so staff could study the material at their leisure and refer to it in future if necessary.

We surveyed staff afterwards to determine what they liked and what they didn’t like about the day. We received mixed responses.

What did we, as managers, learn? Probably a lesson in management that we knew already: everyone is different.

Each person has his or her own quirks that he or she cannot get around. One style of teaching is fine for one person, but another will dislike it. It’s too simple for one person, but too difficult for another.

It was good to focus on grammar for a whole day, as this is fundamental to what we do and yet still causes problems – even the more experienced among us have weak spots when it comes to grammar. However, the best indicator of success will be the extent to which the theory is applied in the short, medium and long term.

My favourite part of school was projects. Part of the day would be devoted to a particular topic and, especially in secondary school,  a great deal of autonomous work was involved. Projects were great because, although they focused on one particular topic, they encompassed many subjects and skills. (I suppose that was the point, but you’re not really aware of that when you’re 10 years old.)

Ending each project was like creating your own book. It was an opportunity to show what you had learned and bring it all together using skills such as research, collation, creativity and presentation. I always thought that was how I ended up pursuing a career in publishing.

One project that has always stuck in my mind was ‘Europe’. This was when I was aged 8, and I didn’t have a project presentation for this one, but we did have one entire wall of the classroom covered in a huge map of Europe, which my class painted by ourselves. This was an exciting time in Europe: the Berlin Wall had fallen recently (one girl in my class claimed to have a piece of the wall; but, then again, she was also the only one in the class who had Sky television).

The names of European countries, and their flags, capitals and principal industries, were all drilled into us. I think I learned more history or geography ‘facts’ in these few months than during five years at secondary school.

I never thought that, 20 years on, I would still be able to visualise that map on the wall, and bring all these facts to mind (even though quite a few of the country names, such as Czechoslovakia, have changed since). I certainly never thought I’d need it for a career in publishing, but that’s exactly what I’m doing now.

Much more of our business here has been acquired through competitive tendering, and much of that is for European Union agencies. My basic knowledge on Europe from age 8 has proven useful not just in editing EU documents but for giving me confidence when meeting EU representatives. I visited the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction in Lisbon, Portugal, last summer and, along with two colleagues, in January visited the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work in Bilbao in Spain.

Europe image

The sought-after skill is crystal-clear communication rather than production management. This is reflected in the number of international clients with whom we now work. In addition to those mentioned above, we have two other EU agencies as clients, along with several institutions or commercial publishers based in Italy, France, Germany and Norway. We may be a small business, but we are also an international business, and it is difficult to see that changing.

We increasingly receive enquiries from non-native English speakers who want us to edit their scientific papers to make them clearer. It’s becoming obvious that our native English communication skills are in demand across Europe. We may not know many other languages, but we aim to master the one that we do know: in this case a potential weakness can actually be a strength.

Membership of the EU is a hot topic in politics at the moment. Regardless of that, it seems obvious that to be a successful publishing services business we (and others) need to be outward looking: we should see the EU, language and geography not as barriers but as opportunities. No matter what happens in the coming years, whether the UK is in or out of the EU, and our directors clearly hope it is the former, this company will have an EU presence. When my boss, our managing director, asked me which EU member state I would recommend for opening a new office, I thought she was joking; she was quite serious.

Here is the fifth and final part of my five-part review of areas in which I have seen changes in the past 5 years, together with some thoughts for the coming 5 years.

This part is about turnaround times.

 

5 We want it done well, by yesterday

The deadlines for returning completed work seem to be getting shorter. No, I’ll be stronger: the deadlines for returning work are getting shorter. There are several reasons.

Firstly, clients, in general, expect things to be done more quickly. Whether the task is copy-editing, typesetting, proofreading or producing revised proofs, the expectation seems to be that the elapsed (turnaround) time should be more or less equivalent to the time the work actually takes, no matter what other work is in progress.

There is less scope than in the past for planning work to be done in a day or two or a week or two. Clearly, this can be problematic, e.g. just because a book is ready for copy-editing doesn’t mean that the most suitable copy-editor is immediately available: he or she may be finishing off another project. Planning and scheduling work is therefore trickier in order to achieve the speediest turnaround.

Secondly, technology makes it easier to do many things faster, thus increasing expectations. An example that comes to mind is the process of cleaning authors’ files, which can be time-consuming to say the least. We use Word macros for this, which are capable of running several thousand changes to improve original texts. A recent addition to our library of macros is tiny module that detects the incorrect use of the eszett character instead of a beta, e.g. ß-cells, ß-endorphins, interferon-ß, and so on. These will automatically become β-cells, β-endorphins and interferon-β.

Each tiny change is one less thing for our copy-editors to do, and may save less than a minute; but several thousand such changes can allow editors much more time to focus on language, thus reducing turnaround while maintaining quality.

Thirdly, the nature of the work we do is changing. We work on more short documents and reports than in the past.

A book may take several weeks to copy-edit whereas a 2- or 3-page document won’t. It is not unusual for us to receive 35 to 40 short documents in a day, with turnaround for the whole batch being, at most, 48 hours, sometimes 24 hours. Clients will not wait a week for this type of work to be completed.

This type of turnaround can be met by having a team of people trained to work together and share the workload (and having one person responsible for quality assurance and style guides).

The next five years

An increasing amount of our work is, and will be, won through competitive tendering, and turnaround times are specified in the contract.

More of our work will be for government bodies and EU agencies rather than, as in the past, for traditional publishers, and they are looking for highly flexible suppliers. I know for a fact that civil servants we deal with in London work evenings and weekends: the emails they send us vouch for that.

An ‘easy’, routine office job of 9–5 could become a thing of the past, if it hasn’t already. We already have a flexible working scheme, in that commitments to clients can be met while offering staff a lot of personal control over their working week, and some opportunity to work from home.

Even this may not be enough in future though: we may all have to become significantly more flexible, for example willng to work during weekends and evenings, or to work more at home, in order to meet deadlines. This has huge implications: organisational, technological and managerial.

The skills we require in future may be as much about crystal-clear communication and setting realistic expectations as about production – and this will change the make-up of our business.

We will have to be adaptable in skills – resourcefulness and acquiring new skills are important, but allowing staff choice over how they spend their time matters just as much. We are already promote flexibility but I suspect we will have to do more. This topic is virtually certain to appear on our management team’s agenda before the end of the year.

Here is the fourth part of my five-part review of areas in which I have seen much change in the past 5 years, together with some thoughts for the coming 5 years.

This part is about social media.

 

4 Social media

I still find it difficult to psychologically adjust to the fact that being on Facebook at work is not necessarily a bad thing.

These days a presence on social media – Facebook, Twitter, blogs – has become equivalent to having a website, i.e. necessary.

When I began working for Prepress Projects almost six years ago, I remember Facebook edging its way into people’s worlds, but only socially. Since then (and it surprised me at first), it’s become a useful marketing tool for businesses. Take a look at the Facebook pages of corporations and it’s easy to see how much has been invested in this area. There are many posts a day, covering a mixture of content – text, video, photos.

Social media is all about feeling connected with real people rather than faceless companies. It’s interactive and conversational, it’s about being up to date and having a presence, and it all contributes to building up an approachable, knowledgable and trustworthy brand. And, through the use of ‘like’ and ‘comment’ features, companies can receive instant feedback on what their customers like (or don’t like), so the usefulness works both ways.

A blog, for example, is an excellent way of marketing our skills, expertise and interests. By adding to our online presence it, in theory, brings more traffic to our website. Importantly for us, we can get other employees involved in writing blog entries too, depending on their area of expertise.

As a small company, it’s more difficult to gauge how useful social media has been. True, not everything we post may be read, but we have come to the conclusion that having a regular social media presence provides some form of reassurance to clients and suppliers. Perhaps it is a kind of digital security blanket: Hey! They have a Facebook page and you can see what they look like, or something like that.

Social media is useful to keep on top of and share knowledge, trends and news within an industry, and helps us to connect with people whom we otherwise might not have found. But it can consume time, and that can be dangerous for a small company like us. We don’t think, yet anyway, that social media brings us much direct business, but it does increase visibility and supports what we do in other areas, and that can’t do any harm.

The next five years

introThere may well be a bigger role in digital marketing. It’s easy to see how this can be used for public-facing organisations, such as shops, restaurants and local government. Even for publishers, who are able to connect more directly with their readers. But what about companies like us, who deal with far fewer but more blue-chip clients?

We have only had time to dabble in this so far. But might it be worth taking further? We need to investigate, and this is something I intend to spend time on in 2013. No matter what happens, the way that we acquire new and retain existing clients in five years’ time is unlikely to be the way that we do it now. This is true for all businesses. It is hard to see social media not being involved.

Looking at it from a different angle, I also expect more of our work during the next five years might be to develop content for social media applications on behalf of other organisations. They won’t necessarily find us through this method, but they might want us to increase their own visibility and to know that we are comfortable, and competent, with handling different types of communication, and using the tools and techniques associated with digital marketing. Recently, for example, we have been asked to write some promotional material for publication on a client’s web site. In other words, to use social media to help a client, you have to demonstrate that you can first use it to help yourself.

Social media hasn’t obliterated websites; it complements them. I predict that social media is now peaking, at least in its current form, and some other tools, I’m not sure exactly what these are yet, will evolve over the next five years and will, essentially, complement social media, in the same way as a company Facebook page reinforces a business website. Consumers seem to want an instant response these days, and that is likely to pave the way for future development of digital marketing.

 

In the fifth and final part of this blog series my subject will be We want it done well, by yesterday.